Table of Contents
Overview of giant freshwater prawns
Before going into details, let’s review some basic concepts about giant freshwater prawn farming techniques. Nowadays, giant freshwater prawn farming has become one of the most popular forms of aquaculture in our country. Many coastal provinces and Mekong Delta have promoted the application of this technique to develop the local economy.
Thanks to its outstanding advantages, giant freshwater prawn farming is increasingly popular:
Giant freshwater prawns grow quickly, have good resistance, and have few diseases.
Large consumer market, high selling price, bringing attractive economic efficiency.
The farming technique is relatively simple, easy to deploy and at a reasonable cost.
However, raising giant freshwater prawns also requires a number of conditions to be met:
The water source must be clean, of good quality, sufficient for the farming process.
Need basic knowledge and skills about aquaculture and pond management.
Overview of giant freshwater prawns
Techniques for raising giant freshwater prawns in earthen ponds
1. Prepare the pond
Pond preparation plays a fundamental role, determining the success or failure of the whole process.
Giant freshwater shrimp ponds need to be located in areas with abundant water sources and little pollution. Stay away from industrial and urban areas.
Pond soil should be clay loam and retain water well. A water depth of 1.2 – 1.5m is suitable.
Before stocking shrimp seeds, it is necessary to carefully treat the pond bottom:
Remove black sludge and accumulated garbage. The thickness of the sludge layer should not exceed 5cm.
Apply lime and disinfect to kill pathogens. Every 1-3 months, lime should be applied at a dose of 0.5-1 ton/ha.
A clean, hygienic pond bottom will contribute to better nourishment of giant freshwater prawns and effectively limit diseases.
2. Pond environment
For shrimp to grow and develop well, we must always maintain the pond environment in optimal conditions. Water quality is a key factor determining the success of giant freshwater prawn farming. Specifically as follows:
pH: Maintain a pH level of 7.5 – 8.2 to create an optimal living environment for shrimp.
Dissolved oxygen: Dissolved oxygen levels should not be below 5mg/L. You can use water fans and aerators to improve.
Besides, other indicators such as temperature, alkalinity… also need to be regularly monitored for timely adjustment.
3. Food for giant freshwater prawns
In giant freshwater shrimp farming techniques, it is necessary to provide adequate quality food as a condition for giant giant freshwater shrimp to grow quickly and achieve high productivity. Giant freshwater prawns are omnivorous and can use a combination of many types of food:
Industrial bran: Use specialized bran rich in protein and minerals. Periodically change the type of bran to keep the shrimp from getting bored.
Fresh food: Add natural foods such as worms, snails, small trash fish… to diversify your diet.
4. Manage shrimp feeding
In addition to food quality, the way and amount of food provided each day also needs to be appropriate:
Divide the diet into 2-3 times a day, at a fixed time frame so that the shrimp gets used to the habit.
Daily food amount is equivalent to 3-5% of shrimp body weight. People need to regularly monitor and balance the appropriate amount of food.
Feeding shrimp correctly and sufficiently will shorten farming time, limit food waste and reduce water pollution.
5. Select and stock seeds
Pond management is also extremely important to ensure the shrimp farming process goes smoothly and with high productivity. The stocking stage needs to be carefully prepared so that the shrimp seeds can adapt well to the new pond environment.
It is necessary to choose shrimp seeds from a reputable source, ensuring they are healthy and do not carry pathogens.
The optimal stocking density is 5-10 fish/m2, do not stock too thickly as this will easily cause disease.
Before stocking, shrimp seeds need to be domesticated and bathed in pond water to gradually get used to them and avoid environmental shock.
6. Disease care and prevention
During the rearing stage, farmers need to regularly check the health status of shrimp and implement disease prevention methods. Some common diseases in giant freshwater prawns include:
In addition, there are many other diseases such as hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, parasitic infections… that also need attention. Prevention methods are as follows:
Clean the pond regularly, remove residue and waste, and separate it promptly.
Periodically change pond water and add trace minerals such as zinc and selenium to increase shrimp resistance.
Use biological products such as probiotics and EM to improve pond environment and inhibit pathogens.
Raising healthy shrimp is the key to success. Farmers need to observe, record meticulously and have appropriate response plans for unusual situations.
Techniques for raising giant freshwater prawns in earthen ponds
Techniques for raising giant freshwater prawns in rice fields
In general, raising giant freshwater prawns in rice fields is similar to raising them in earthen ponds. However, there are some differences that people should note:
Rice fields must have enough water sources and good drainage. Around the field, it is necessary to build embankments about 0.5m above the water level.
Before releasing shrimp, all rice must be harvested and straw removed. Next, treat the soil and line it with tarpaulin to retain water and limit burrowing shrimp.
Stocking density is lower than earthen ponds, only about 3-4 fish/m2 because the fields are usually shallower.
It is necessary to keep the water level stable and regularly pump water into the fields to compensate for lost water.
Unlike earthen ponds, shrimp farming in fields is often combined with planting agricultural crops such as vegetables and gourds on the shore. This helps farmers take advantage of the area and increase their income.
Techniques for raising giant freshwater prawns in rice fields
Technique for raising giant freshwater prawns in garden ditches
Shrimp farming in garden ditches is a new model that has recently appeared. People can take advantage of large ditches in their gardens to raise shrimp instead of digging new ponds. Farming techniques are not much different from ponds and fields:
Prepare ponds and ditches by draining, dredging, disinfecting, and lining
Stocking density depends on the condition of the ditch, usually from 4-5 fish/m2
Take care of shrimp daily, feed, change water, and monitor health
Harvest after 5-6 months of culture
The advantage of raising shrimp in garden ditches is saving initial investment costs such as digging ponds. The disadvantage is that the ditch has a narrow area so the output is not high.
Technique for raising giant freshwater prawns in garden ditches
Industrial giant freshwater prawn farming techniques
With the development of science and technology, industrial giant freshwater shrimp farming in cement tanks is becoming popular. Outstanding features of this technique include:
Good control of water quality thanks to the circulating filtration and treatment system
Can be raised at high density, up to 50-100 fish/m3
Easy to apply scientific and technical advances such as biofloc, oxygen supplementation…
For industrial farming, it is first necessary to invest in building infrastructure such as: Tall, airy factories; Composite or cement tank system; Water treatment system, oxygen supply
The shrimp farming process is as follows:
Step 1: Wash the tank, disinfect, and assemble the equipment
Step 2: Supply water and stabilize water quality
Step 3: Drop the quarantined shrimp seeds into the tank
Step 4: Feed quantitatively, check water indicators and shrimp health
Step 5: Harvest after about 4 months of farming
Investing in industrial shrimp farming brings high economic efficiency but also has many potential risks. People need to calculate carefully before deciding to invest.
Industrial giant freshwater prawn farming techniques
Instructions for harvesting giant freshwater prawns
When shrimp reach the desired size, we need to choose the optimal time and harvesting method to get the highest yield.
1. Harvest time
Normally, after 3-4 months of farming, giant river prawns can be harvested. If intensive farming with high technology is used, shrimp can reach a weight of 30-40g and can be harvested. With traditional, extensive farming ponds, the harvest time can be longer, with shrimp reaching 20-25g. Harvest should be done on cool days, avoiding hot days and high temperature differences between day and night.
2. Factors affecting productivity
The productivity of giant freshwater shrimp depends on:
Stocking density, farming model: Stocking too thick or poorly prepared ponds will lead to low productivity.
Care regime: Appropriate food and good environmental control are the prerequisites for high productivity.
Disease situation: A raging epidemic will cause shrimp to grow slowly, die en masse, and reduce productivity.
With a 1000m2 pond, applying good techniques, it can yield 1-2 tons of shrimp/crop. Even higher is 3-5 tons of shrimp/ha/crop with biofloc technology.
3. Harvesting method
There are two main methods of harvesting giant freshwater prawns:
Use a net to drag the bottom to catch shrimp, apply to small ponds with few shrimp.
Using traps to lure shrimp in and then scoop them out is usually used for large ponds with lots of shrimp.
Harvesting should be done in the early morning or late afternoon to limit shrimp from heat shock and quality loss. After harvesting, the pond needs to be carefully treated to prepare well for the next farming season.
PAC Dong A shrimp farming water treatment chemicals
Chemicals for water treatment of freshwater prawns
No matter what giant freshwater shrimp farming technique your business is applying, it still must treat the water before supplying it to the pond. Dong A is a unit specializing in the production of standard shrimp water treatment chemicals, chosen by most households and shrimp farming businesses across the country. Current best-selling products include chlorine 70%, PAC, NaOH…
When purchasing water treatment chemicals at Dong A, you will receive the following benefits:
Quality products, clear origin, no counterfeit goods
Support transportation by trucks and specialized trailers nationwide
The more you buy, the cheaper it gets, cheap retail at warehouse prices, incentives for big customers
Currently, Dong A Chemical is a partner of many large and small businesses and organizations in the fields of wastewater treatment, water supply, and aquaculture water. If you want to cooperate, please contact hotline 0822 525 525 immediately.
Hopefully the knowledge and experience I share will be useful to you in the process of raising giant freshwater prawns. If you have any questions related to giant freshwater prawn farming techniques, please comment below the article for the most detailed answers.
Giáo sưNguyễn Lân Dũnglà nhà khoa học hàng đầu Việt Nam trong lĩnh vực vi sinh vật học (wiki), với hơn nửa thế kỷ cống hiến cho giáo dục và nghiên cứu. Ông là con trai Nhà giáo Nhân dân Nguyễn Lân, thuộc gia đình nổi tiếng hiếu học. Giáo sư giữ nhiều vai trò quan trọng như Chủ tịch Hội các ngành Sinh học Việt Nam, Đại biểu Quốc hội và đã được phong tặng danh hiệu Nhà giáo Nhân dân năm 2010.
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