Table of Contents
What is livestock wastewater?
Livestock wastewater is discharged from the process of raising livestock and poultry in many different forms. Specifically as follows:
1. Where does livestock wastewater come from?
Livestock wastewater originates from many different activities during the livestock farming process such as:
Wastewater from cleaning tools and livestock barns
Rainwater flows through the livestock area
Water for washing livestock and poultry before and after slaughter
Wastewater from animal feed processing
Waste (feces, urine) directly from livestock
2. Composition of livestock wastewater
Livestock wastewater usually has the following components:
Contains high levels of organic substances and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
There is a characteristic foul smell due to the decomposition of organic matter
Contains many viruses and disease-causing bacteria such as E.coli, Salmonella, Coliform…
The concentration of pollutants far exceeds allowable standards
Cloudy color and high turbidity due to many suspended substances and impurities
These characteristics make livestock wastewater a serious threat to the environment and public health if not managed and treated properly.
Livestock wastewater
Current status of livestock wastewater
In Vietnam, the livestock industry is one of the key sectors, determining the development of the economic sector. Below is the current situation of livestock farming in our country.
1. Scale of livestock wastewater
According to statistics, Vietnam’s livestock industry is developing at a breakneck speed:
The total pig herd in the country reached more than 27 million
The total flock of poultry of all kinds is up to billions
Meat output of all kinds reaches millions of tons/year
The amount of waste and wastewater corresponds to the huge scale of livestock farming
With such quantity, livestock wastewater is a huge burden to the environment and society.
2. Impact on livestock areas
Livestock wastewater not only pollutes water sources but also directly affects the livestock areas themselves:
Water sources are polluted, lacking clean water for production
The living environment of livestock has deteriorated, making it easy for diseases to arise
The stench affects the lives of livestock farmers
Soil is degraded due to accumulation of nutrient residues and heavy metals
This impact not only causes economic loss but also threatens the sustainability of livestock farming.
The situation of livestock wastewater is very serious
Impact of livestock wastewater on life
Besides the effects on livestock activities, wastewater also causes many other negative impacts on the environment and society.
1. Pollutes water sources
Without proper treatment of livestock wastewater, direct discharge into the environment can lead to the following consequences:
Increases the content of organic substances and nutrients that cause eutrophication
Change water characteristics such as pH, turbidity, color
Creates conditions for pathogens to grow and break out quickly
Pollutes surface and underground water sources and affects aquatic ecosystems
Livestock wastewater is one of the main culprits causing the water quality degradation we are facing.
2. Impact on the soil environment
Not only harmful to water sources, livestock wastewater also seriously affects the soil environment:
Excess amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus seep into the soil, changing its structure and pH
Disease-causing microorganisms spread and persist for a long time in the soil
Accumulation of heavy metals in soil, affecting crop quality
Causes odor pollution and discomfort for the surrounding community
Livestock wastewater not only upsets the soil nutrient balance but also poses a risk of disease transmission to humans, animals and plants.
3. Eutrophication of water sources
One of the prominent harmful effects of livestock wastewater is the phenomenon of eutrophication of water bodies:
Excess nutrients from wastewater (N,P) stimulate algae and aquatic plants to grow excessively
Forms widespread water blooms
Reduces dissolved oxygen in water, causing death of aquatic species
Food chain disruption and biodiversity loss
Eutrophication directly threatens the balance and sustainable development of aquatic ecosystems.
4. Affects human health
Not only limited to the environment, the effects of livestock wastewater also spread to human health:
Risk of gastrointestinal diseases due to using polluted water sources
Impact on the respiratory system due to inhalation of toxic gases and foul odors
Easily spread infectious diseases from animals to humans such as bird flu
Accumulation of heavy metals and toxins through the food chain and long-term effects on health
Livestock wastewater is not simply an industry problem but is closely related to the lives and health of the community.
Livestock wastewater causes environmental pollution if not treated
Regulations on livestock wastewater
1. Regulations on wastewater discharge and treatment
The State has issued many legal documents related to livestock wastewater management:
The 2018 Law on Livestock regulates environmental protection in livestock farming
Decree 13/2020/ND-CP on livestock waste management
Circular 23/2017/TT-BTNMT on livestock wastewater
Standards and regulations on livestock wastewater treatment
Accordingly, livestock facilities must have an environmental license and invest in a wastewater collection and treatment system that meets standards before discharging.
2. Duties of authorities
To effectively enforce regulations, the involvement of authorities is essential:
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is responsible for general management
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development manages livestock activities
The Department of Natural Resources and Environment supervises and inspects locally
People’s Committees at all levels participate in management
Authorities need to coordinate closely, strengthen inspections, and strictly handle violations to improve the effectiveness of state management.
The most popular livestock wastewater treatment solution today
To reduce pollution from livestock wastewater, we need to synchronously apply many solutions, from management to treatment technology.
1. Effective livestock waste management
Good waste management right from the source is an effective way to reduce the load on future wastewater treatment:
Practice clean animal husbandry and reduce emissions
Collect, classify and process solid manure as fertilizer
There is a separate drainage and wastewater collection system
Arrange stables and waste treatment areas appropriately
2. Treat livestock wastewater into fertilizer
With high nutrient content, livestock wastewater is very suitable for use as fertilizer:
Compost and anaerobic fermentation to create liquid organic fertilizer
Separate solids and process them into organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer
Use fertilizer from wastewater to irrigate and fertilize plants
Contribute to reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and protecting the environment
Utilizing wastewater as fertilizer not only helps thoroughly treat waste but also creates valuable products for agriculture.
3. Apply sustainable farm models
To reduce emissions and improve treatment efficiency, the trend of applying sustainable farm models is increasingly popular:
Ecological farm model combining cultivation – livestock – aquaculture
Closed farm model with waste reuse system
Organic farming model, biosafety farming
Farm model applying high technology and automation
These models help optimize resource use, reduce pollution and ensure disease safety.
4. Livestock wastewater treatment technologies
Along with management measures, the application of advanced treatment technologies also makes an important contribution to solving the problem of livestock wastewater:
Biological treatment technology such as Aeroten, Anaerobic, Anaerobic Digestion
Membrane technology such as UF, MF, RO
Oxidation technology such as Ozone, UV/H2O2
Non-thermal plasma technology
Choosing the appropriate treatment technology should be based on the scale, characteristics of the waste source and the specific conditions of each livestock facility.
Treatment of livestock wastewater
How to reduce wastewater from livestock activities?
To reduce the amount of wastewater generated from livestock, we need to pay attention right from the management stage:
Strictly control the amount of water used for livestock production
Carry out dry farming, do not use water to wash the barn
Increase ventilation and use biological cushions
Classify and separate solid waste right at the source
Reuse water during livestock farming
Minimizing the amount of wastewater from the beginning will help reduce the load and improve wastewater treatment efficiency.
PAC Dong A wastewater treatment chemicals
The best livestock wastewater treatment chemicals today
In addition to the above methods of livestock wastewater treatment, using chemicals is also a commonly applied method today. Among them, chlorine and PAC and NaOH chemicals are two products that businesses, organizations and individuals prioritize choosing because of their quality, good price and simple usage. They are used in most domestic wastewater treatment systems, livestock wastewater, aquatic wastewater, water supply…
Understanding the necessity of water treatment chemicals for all industries, Dong A Chemical has directly produced 70% Chlorine, PAC, NaOH caustic soda in large quantities, meeting all needs across the country. . Contact now to get the best quote – 0822 525 525.
Each of us, whether livestock farmers or consumers, has a certain role in solving the problem of pollution from livestock wastewater, towards the future of a green, clean, and safe livestock industry. Let’s start right from practical daily tasks such as classifying waste and using chemicals to safely treat livestock wastewater. Absolutely do not discharge waste into the environment because it can cause soil and water pollution.
Giáo sưNguyễn Lân Dũnglà nhà khoa học hàng đầu Việt Nam trong lĩnh vực vi sinh vật học (wiki), với hơn nửa thế kỷ cống hiến cho giáo dục và nghiên cứu. Ông là con trai Nhà giáo Nhân dân Nguyễn Lân, thuộc gia đình nổi tiếng hiếu học. Giáo sư giữ nhiều vai trò quan trọng như Chủ tịch Hội các ngành Sinh học Việt Nam, Đại biểu Quốc hội và đã được phong tặng danh hiệu Nhà giáo Nhân dân năm 2010.
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