TOP 7 hóa chất diệt khuẩn nước ao trong nuôi tôm

As shrimp grow, disinfecting pond water plays an essential role in protecting shrimp health. There are many chemicals used to ensure a farming environment that limits the growth of harmful bacteria. Let’s find out what you need to know when disinfecting shrimp ponds.

1. Shrimp pond water containing beneficial bacteria also contains harmful bacteria

Bacteria in shrimp ponds can be simply divided into two types: harmful bacteria and beneficial bacteria. Beneficial bacteria help improve pond water quality by decomposing organic compounds in the pond, thereby helping shrimp have a good environment and increasing production. On the contrary, harmful bacteria exist in ponds that cause diseases in shrimp, affecting the shrimp’s living environment or causing disease outbreaks in the pond.

Pond water bacteria are an essential part of the food chain in the ecosystem. They also play a role in controlling pond hygiene. When there is a change or ecological imbalance when harmful bacteria overgrow, they will cause many consequences for shrimp in the pond, especially the vibrio bacteria group that causes hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. .

Vibrio bacteria

2. Why is it necessary to disinfect shrimp pond water?

There are many causes of bacterial overgrowth in shrimp ponds, details include:

Low light: Shrimp ponds that do not have much light or have many dark corners will cause bacterial concentrations to increase

Algae growth: Excessive algae growth will absorb oxygen in the pond, creating ideal conditions for bacteria to multiply.

Low oxygen in the pond: Lower dissolved oxygen concentration in shrimp ponds than prescribed will cause organic matter and impurities to decompose, and bacteria will grow strongly, making the pond water cloudy.

Leftover food in shrimp ponds: Shrimp are slow eaters, too much leftover food in the pond will turn into organic impurities, this is a food that bacteria love.

Using a lot of fertilizers and chemicals: Using a lot of fertilizers and chemicals will increase the concentration of bacteria in the pond.

Disinfecting shrimp pond water is the activity of killing microorganisms that are detrimental to the development of shrimp and the pond water environment. Proper disinfection will be safe for shrimp, significantly reduce pathogens throughout the farming season and increase farming productivity. There are many options to disinfect shrimp ponds such as nano silver. organic acid, bottom siphon, use of microorganisms,…

Ponds with too much orchid algae will absorb oxygen, creating ideal conditions for bacteria to grow

3. At what stage should pond water be disinfected when raising shrimp?

Disinfection should be performed regularly to limit the risk of pathogen outbreaks. There are 3 main stages to disinfect water in ponds that farmers should pay attention to:

Preparing stage for stocking shrimp seed: Disinfecting bacteria before releasing shrimp seed helps clean the pond environment, ensuring pond water is suitable for shrimp seed to grow and reproduce. During this period, farmers should install a filter screen when pumping water into the pond to filter out larvae, eggs, and pathogens entering the pond. Then run the fan for about 5-7 days for the larvae to hatch. Finally, use water disinfectant chemicals

Small shrimp stage until 45 days old: This is the sensitive stage of shrimp, shrimp food at this time is plankton. Therefore, antibacterial chemicals used for this stage should not be too strong, but should use drugs that are safe for small shrimp and shrimp aged 10 days or more. Combine with probiotics regularly to increase competition between beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria. Farmers also need to consider and choose the right time to avoid shrimp from going into shock and dying.

45 days of age until harvest. Shrimp in this stage are mature and have better resistance to antiseptics and bactericides. However, you should not overuse and disinfect pond water indiscriminately, as this will affect shrimp health and stability in the water environment. Farmers should also be careful that disinfectants can affect the amount of algae and plankton in the pond.

Depending on the stage of shrimp, adjust the time to disinfect pond water

4. Top 7 types of chemicals to disinfect shrimp pond water

There are many types of chemicals to disinfect shrimp pond water. Below, Dong A would like to introduce a few types of substances that are commonly and widely used:

Chlorine

This is a substance with an oxidizing reaction that helps kill bacteria extremely strongly. They can kill the Vibrio harveyi bacteria that causes glow on shrimp bodies. Because it is a highly active substance, chlorine is usually only used in settling pond treatment to ensure the water supply to shrimp ponds is clean of bacteria.

Chlorine can kill Vibrio harveyi bacteria that causes glow on shrimp bodies

Good and adequate chlorine can be detected after use and the water supply will be clearer. If the water is cloudy and red, people should review the organic content in the water and the water treatment process.

* Disadvantages:

Reduced effectiveness when water has a high pH, ​​above level 8

Ineffective against bacterial spores and viruses

Overuse will cause active ingredients to accumulate at the bottom of the pond, affecting the farming crop

* Note:

Only use with water supply during the early stages of the farming season

After use, let the pond settle for 1-2 days to evaporate all chlorine vapor before stocking the shrimp

After 48 hours of use, it is necessary to re-inoculate the pond with beneficial microorganisms

Do not apply lime before use because it will reduce its effectiveness

Water disinfectant: BKC (benzalkonium Chloride)

BKC is widely used thanks to its active principle of entering and destroying cell membranes, thereby limiting the metabolism of bacteria. In addition, they also kill single-celled microorganisms, mold and limit the excessive growth of harmful algae in ponds.

* Disadvantages:

Has a strong odor and causes eye irritation. Do not come into direct contact and require protective clothing when using

Overdosing will create residue in shrimp meat, causing shrimp to lose value when sold. Must stop using 30 days before harvest to ensure shrimp quality

* Note when using:

Do not use directly into the pond, must dilute and sprinkle the medicine evenly on the pond surface

Do not use with detergents and organic compounds such as soap

Hard water and high turbidity make the medicine less effective

Activity increases when used with formalin

Do not use for shrimp under 15 days or newly stocked stage because this is a strong bactericide

Water disinfectant: Copper Sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O)

With the ability to kill algae and quickly dissolve in water, copper sulfate is commonly used to disinfect water. Besides, they also kill bacteria and parasites on shrimp bodies. Copper sulfate exists as a blue, odorless crystalline powder. However, people should limit using this substance in high doses because it will be toxic to shrimp and slow their growth.

A few other notes when using copper sulfate:

Shrimp pond water has high alkalinity, this chemical will react with alkalinity (HCO3-, OH-), causing precipitation and making the drug ineffective.

The ratio is calculated in mg/l. When using this substance, it should be below 0.01 total alkalinity in the pond.

Do not use in rainy or cloudy weather

Do not drain the pond before 72 hours after copper sulfate treatment because it will affect the environment.

Copper sulfate exists as a blue, odorless crystalline powder

Glutaraldehyde (C5H8O2)

As a broad-spectrum disinfectant and stronger activity than BKC, C5H8O2 helps inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, viruses and fungi while also killing water jellyfish in the pond.

* Disadvantages:

Toxic to shrimp, especially larvae when used in high concentrations

A pond pH of 8 is ideal for the active drug to work well. When the pH is greater than 9, the drug’s activity will decrease and will no longer be effective.

Note that before discharging water, excess active ingredient C5H8O2 should be treated with NaHSO3 (sodium bisulfite) to remove and avoid affecting the environment.

Potassium potassium permanganate (KMnO4)

Potassium potassium permanganate is widely used to kill bacteria in 2-stage and 3-stage water exchange shrimp farming models. With the principle of charge balance, they carry positive charges that interact with negative charges in mineral colloids and silt particles, turning these substances into neutral and settling to the bottom. Regarding their bactericidal effect, they directly oxidize the bacterial cell membrane, destroying specific enzymes in the cell’s metabolism.

Potassium potassium permanganate is widely used to kill bacteria in 2-stage and 3-stage water exchange shrimp farming models

However, the antibacterial spectrum of potassium permanganate is narrower than that of other chemicals, so shrimp farmers often use chlorine in the water treatment process. There are a few notes when using potassium permanganate as follows:

Should only be applied in settling ponds of water exchange farming models to oxidize organic substances and kill bacteria in pond water.

This is a strong oxidizer and should be kept away from sunlight and high temperatures

Use immediately after reconstitution to preserve drug activity.

Iodine

Povidone – Iodine is a popular water disinfectant with a mechanism of breaking down protein structures in harmful bacterial cells. With a concentration of 9-12%, the active drug is slowly released into the water environment, limiting the toxicity of the drug to the animal’s body. The disinfection process of the drug is slow, taking place within 4-6 hours, reducing the possibility of causing irritation to shrimp cells and tissues. Dong A also has the following notes when using iodine:

With iodine with temperatures above 35oC, the medicine will lose its effectiveness quickly if exposed to strong sunlight. Therefore, disinfection should be done in the cool of the afternoon.

The active ingredient can kill plankton – the natural food of shrimp, so you need to pay attention to the dosage when using

Iodine can kill algae, making the water too clear, making it difficult for shrimp to eat bait

It is necessary to re-inoculate the pond with microorganisms 1-2 days after disinfection

Overdosing will cause shrimp to grow slowly and affect their health

Works well at low pH levels below 7

Reduced effectiveness when water contains many organic compounds or reducing agents

Potassium monopersulfate (KHSO5)

This is a highly effective oxidizing compound used to disinfect shrimp pond water. They can inhibit the growth of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, pathogenic microorganisms and sterilize tools. However, in an environment with a pH too high above 9 or with low salinity (below 5%0), the active drug will have reduced effectiveness. A few other notes are as follows:

Do not apply lime to the pond before using medicine

Can be combined with salt if using medicine for pond water with low salinity by spreading salt 2 hours before disinfecting with medicine.

Combining with chlorine will increase the effectiveness of chlorine.

Dong A is a reputable and quality supplier of Chlorine chemicals used to disinfect water in shrimp ponds. With a large storage system, we can provide large amounts of available chlorine for large-scale shrimp ponds. If you want to order, please contact the hotline on this website to receive further advice from Dong A’s sales team